A Proposed Design for Illumination and Cameras Surveillance System for Optimum Supervision at a Perimeter Area of Nuclear Facility

Abstract

An important component of a comprehensive security plan is lighting. Security Protective Lighting has three functional objectives: To illuminate a person, object, place or condition of security to permit observation and identification, to be a physical deterrent through the glare effect of direct light on the human eye and to be a psychological deterrent creating in an intruder's mind the awareness that he or she will be discovered and observed during any unauthorized entry attempt. The most obvious reason for protective lighting is to make certain any person, object, place or condition will be sufficiently illuminated to provide effective security in a given region. Where perimeter lighting is required, the lighting units for a perimeter fence should be located a sufficient distance within the protected area and above the fence so that the light pattern on the ground will include an area both inside and outside the fence. Perimeter lighting should be continuous and on both sides of the perimeter fence and should be sufficient to support CCTV and other surveillance equipment where required. The cone of illumination from lighting units should be directed downward and outward from the structure or area being protected. The lighting should be arranged so as to create minimal shadows and minimal glare in the eyes of security guards. In this study a proposed design for security lighting and cameras surveillance system for optimum supervision at a perimeter area of a hypothetical nuclear facility will be presented. The illumination poles, lamps type, towers space distance, average and minimum Lighting Levels and Tilt Angle, required for camera surveillance system will be computed and determined. The work provides the requirements of cameras surveillance system at nuclear reactors isolation zone. Width of images sensitive area, lens focal length, lens format and angel of view will be determined by calculation method. The work determines cameras type, distributions, camera’s parameters and formulas according to the physical protection design process. Cameras angles of view, Lens Format, Lens focal length, F-Number and angle of view will be calculated. The optimum designing results for the security lighting (35 poles with 250 watt high pressure sodium and 34 m poles span with minimum lighting level equal 7 lux. The optimum CCTV design resulting in 15 cameras with length format 0.25 inch, length focal length 50 mm, F-stop number 1.8, angle of view 5.26 degree. In the future work; designers should consider the natural properties of reflectance, light absorption capacity, mobility and an object's inherent sensitivity to light to be sufficient to support CCTV system.