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ISSN: 1941-7020 (Print)
ISSN: 1941-7039 (Online)
Research Article Open Access

Characterization of Solid Residues Obtained from Supercritical Ethanol Liquefaction of Swine Manure

Rui Li1, Bo Zhang1, Shuangning Xiu1, Hui Wang1, Lijun Wang1 and Abolghasem Shahbazi1
  • 1 North Carolina A and T State University, United States

Abstract

Animal wastes are considered as renewable energy resources, which contain a great energy potential. For this study, swine manure was treated with supercritical ethanol within the reaction temperature range of 240-360°C to produce bio-oil, resulting in a significant amount of solid residues. Solid residues were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), surface area, elemental and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Solid residues were mainly composed of carbon (26-29 wt%) and ash (35-45 wt%) and exhibited low surface areas (11-17 m2/g). The analyses indicated an incomplete conversion of lignocellulosic components and thermal chemical reactions including hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, aromatization and condensation. Supercritical ethanol liquefaction is considered as a feasible way to remove oxygen and utilize carbon and hydrogen in swine manure to produce carbonaceous materials and energy condensed bio-fuels.

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Volume 8 No. 4, 2015, 465-470

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2015.465.470

Submitted On: 1 July 2015 Published On: 15 July 2015

How to Cite: Li, R., Zhang, B., Xiu, S., Wang, H., Wang, L. & Shahbazi, A. (2015). Characterization of Solid Residues Obtained from Supercritical Ethanol Liquefaction of Swine Manure. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(4), 465-470. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2015.465.470

Open AccessCopyright: © 2015 Rui Li, Bo Zhang, Shuangning Xiu, Hui Wang, Lijun Wang and Abolghasem Shahbazi. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Keywords

  • Swine Manure
  • Supercritical Ethanol Liquefaction
  • Solid Residues
  • FT-IR Analysis
  • SEM Analysis