Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changing Patterns of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing Technology

Abstract

Bangladesh is a deltaic country situated in the fringe of Bay of Bengal. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change is the concerning issue in the present world. Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to LULC changes due to its geographical location and shortage of awareness that’s why author conduct this research. The research was focused on analysing the LULC changes pattern of Bangladesh from the years 1990 to 2019 over the last three decades. Total 42 image datasets were used in this study collected from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 4-5 C 1 level-1 and Landsat 8 (OLI_TIRS) satellite. LULC map for the selected years has been worked out by supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm and multi-sectoral supervised classification algorithm to Landsat sensor data. Extract by mask tools was used for cutting the desired location and then exercised tool for image classification with different band combination such as (2, 3, 4) (1, 2, 3) (2, 4, 7) (3, 4, 5) (3, 5, 7). Method used for area calculation is; (Counted pixels)*(pixel size) 2/1000000 (m). Research found that major changes happened in urban area, forest, water body and vegetation cover. Here, water body and forest area has decreased; and it was 9.20% and 3.86% of total area. After 29 years 5.18 % land had changed to urban area, which is 6.27 % of total area and vegetation cover had increased 3.36 %. Land cover of Bangladesh is continually changed for overpopulation; damaging water body and forest for unsuited urbanization. Study concludes that 29 years analysis of LULC trend of Bangladesh will help to understand and take necessary action to the line departments to reduce the impact of land use and land cover change as well as provide the changing scenario of LULC all over the country which will be helps to appropriate land use planning and management of Bangladesh.