Energy Positive Futures: A Critical Overview of Energy Plus Buildings

Abstract

Energy Plus Buildings (EPBs) represent a transformative leap in sustainable architecture by producing more energy than they consume annually. As nations commit to net-zero targets and climate resilience, EPBs serve as living laboratories for integrating renewable energy, energy-efficient systems, and smart technologies. This editorial synthesises current advancements, policy frameworks, and technological integrations enabling EPBs. It also critically examines the barriers, economic, regulatory, and technological, that must be addressed to scale this paradigm. A longitudinal analysis of energy generation versus consumption highlights the growing viability of EPBs in achieving positive energy balance. Strategic pathways forward include harmonised policy incentives, urban-scale energy planning, and lifecycle carbon accounting. With interdisciplinary collaboration, EPBs can play a pivotal role in reshaping energy ecosystems.